I think the solution for the first issue is fairly straight-forward - make is so that you have to realize capital gains when using stocks and other securities as collateral. The second one would either be applying capital gains taxes before stepping up. Both of these seem fairly common sense fixes to the loopholes, so it’s safe to assume they won’t happen without a major political shift.

Isinglass is not used very much outside breweries trying to do really traditional British styles, because it’s finicky and there are better and cheaper options. I’d say that the most common thing making beer non-vegan is adding adjuncts like lactose in milk stouts.

The Great North, if you want to watch a fun and wholesome cartoon.