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Because they’re effecfively measuring the change in the students’ performance in the STROOP and ADD tests before and after a heat wave, baseline factors such as wealth and income should be controlled for.
They note in the results that in the initial tests there was no significant difference between both groups’ results.
So I’ve been reading through this study and comparing it to modern health advice. For the most part, the 22% of energy threshold seems to be above 1.2-1.6 grams of protein per kg of body weight (for active individuals).
The functional advice is: following the guidelines from the FDA will keep you out of the risks outlined in the study.